causal model of exam anxiety based on reflective thinking and mindfulness with the mediation of cognitive avoidance

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Master's student in Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Khoy, Iran.

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to develop a causal model of exam anxiety based on reflective thinking and mindfulness with the mediation of cognitive avoidance. In this research, a descriptive method of correlation type was used in the path analysis method. In this research, 335 second-year high school students of Mako city participated in the 1402-1403. To collect data from Questionnaires of the Test Anxiety (TAI) (Abolghasmi et al., 1375), the short form of the Freiburg Mindfulness (Buchel, Grossman, and Wallach, 2001), the Cognitive Avoidance (Sexton and Dagas, 2008), the Reflective Thinking (Kember and Leong, 2000) has been used. Path analysis using AMOS software was used for data analysis. The findings showed that the beta coefficient of the direct path of mindfulness (-0/097) and reflective thinking (-0/086) on test anxiety was negative and significant. Also, the effect size of the indirect path of mindfulness (-0/081) and reflective thinking (-0/061) on test anxiety through cognitive avoidance was negative and significant. In addition, the research results showed that the beta coefficient of the direct path of mindfulness (-0/415) and reflective thinking (-0/309) on cognitive avoidance was negative and significant, and the beta coefficient of the direct path of cognitive avoidance (0/166) on test anxiety was positive and significant.

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History

  • Receive Date: 07 March 2026
  • Revise Date: 07 April 2026
  • Accept Date: 13 June 2026
  • First Publish Date: 22 June 2026
  • Publish Date: 22 June 2026

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